And that is exactly what we did. By coating our nanoparticles with Citric acid, we are making our nanoparticles more hydrophilic. The figure below shows a UV-vis transmittance spectrum at 900 nm. When the nanoparticles are dispersed  in solution, in this case deionised water, the nanoparticles absorb and scatter the light and resulting in a low transmission. Over time the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate and sink to the bottom and therefore increasing the transmittance. 

This measurement shows that uncoated particles agglomerate much faster (900 seconds ~ 15 minutes) in deionised water compared to the citric acid coated ones (7200 seconds ~ 2 hours). 

 

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Figure 1: transmittance @900 nm, measured over time for Fe/FeOx (black) and Fe/FeOx@CA in DI water.

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